History of Hagia Sophia
From Byzantine cathedral to Ottoman mosque, discover 1,500 years of extraordinary history at one of the world's most significant monuments.
Historical Timeline
The Great Church
Emperor Constantius II orders the construction of the first church on this site, known as the Megale Ekklesia (Great Church).
Justinian's Masterpiece
Emperor Justinian I completes the current Hagia Sophia, designed by architects Anthemius and Isidore. It becomes the world's largest cathedral and architectural marvel.
Crusader Cathedral
Following the Fourth Crusade, Hagia Sophia briefly becomes a Roman Catholic cathedral under Latin rule.
Conversion to Mosque
Sultan Mehmed II conquers Constantinople and converts Hagia Sophia into a mosque. Minarets are added and Islamic features incorporated while preserving Byzantine mosaics.
Secularized Museum
Under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Hagia Sophia is secularized and transformed into a museum, making it accessible to visitors from all backgrounds.
World Heritage Site
Hagia Sophia is designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Historic Areas of Istanbul.
Reconversion to Mosque
Hagia Sophia is reconverted to a functioning mosque while remaining open to visitors of all faiths, continuing its role as a bridge between cultures.